Linguatula serrata is a nasal pentastomid parasite of dogs and wild canids worldwide, responsible for mild to severe rhinitis and it is transmitted by ingestion of organs of infected intermediate hosts (primarily herbivores). During this stage, the parasite has a stylet to tunnel through gut walls, along with appendages for further propulsion. Infestation may occur in the viscera, where immature forms develop in the liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, or in the nasopharyngeal area. The adult forms of Linguatula spp. J Parasit Dis: 19. Her medical history was unremarkable except that she had reported regular contact with domestic animals: 2 dogs, cats, and 1 turtle. Linguatula serrata can be found in several countries in Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Europe, North Africa, and the Americas. The worm escaped into the posterior segment of the eye where it was found, after lens removal and complete vitrectomy, in a recess of the ciliary body. eCollection 2020 Apr. dogs, and livestocks slaughterhouse offal or the carcasses of infected herbivores, and a careful control and treatment strategy to prevent it in such as goats, sheep, and cattle; this facilitates the spread of intermediate . Trk Parazitol Derg 35(1):47. The reason for the presentation of this case is that Linguatula serrata, a parasite rarely encountered in humans, was found in a patient in Van province. Symptoms of infection were mainly observed in the upper respiratory tract in most reports, the patients status was improved by removing the parasite from the infected organ. (Hami, et al., 2009; Haugerud, 1989; Riley, 1983), Larvae can survive for up to two years encysted before they calcify and die in the intermediate host. oS$GGGwQD!Q=xC}}/?^nxOVOH @*Yxu v}c2'K_=6=xg@k=,Jq],_oa^.?Y8M"op]WM~KVYT J?UX;W,bZUS6WJ3XQ}gvxM dp_O\sEzOLU{3&W wonYZ>IXU dwKVjz`"b{~6LnqwlWPs&SUUK3k[\XP k5XmpOf0ai6LZ/Xq/v[3CbFE36XyusYv k2W4Nni RgJ1Mi),,wX1!Y.!w=l8KI=zl8%YNOJUlZ>O! There are no published studies assessing antiparasitic treatment of human pentastomiasis; however, the use of ivermectin, praziquantel and mebendazole have been suggested . Human might be involved in case of consuming raw or semi cooked liver of animals. An unusual case of human porocephaliasis. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Epub 2018 Mar 7. (Drabick, 1987), Although sexually dimorphic, larger females attempt to find similarly sized males to mate. Acta Med Ital Mal Infett Parassit 6:6769, Ragab HA, Samuel S (1955) Human infection with linguatula in egypt; first case recorded. JKMU 8:175178, Mohanta UK, Itagaki T (2017) Molecular characterization and phylogeny of Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae) based on the nuclear 18S rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Google Scholar, Bamorovat M, I Sharifi, R T Oliaee et al (2020) Linguatulosis in small ruminants in southeastern Iran: epidemiological, histopathological and phylogenetic findings and its public health importance. Finally, 30 papers of 62 human cases were included in this study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(7):e3041. liver, or serous membranes. Parasitology, 86: 59-83. The polyclinic doctor suspected that the worm was a parasite but he could not make a diagnosis, and the patient was referred to Health Research and Training Hospital, Yznc Yl University. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Surgical removal of the parasite was complicated because of high mobility of the parasite inside the anterior chamber. Grants DRL 0089283, DRL 0628151, DUE 0633095, DRL 0918590, and DUE 1122742. (Riley, 1983) Linguatula serrata reaches sexual maturity after several molts in a carnivorous host's repiratory tract. Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan species and both larval and nymphal stages have been recorded from humans in Africa, Europe, and the Americas . Dispatches.indd Human linguatulosis is a considerable medical problem in endemic regions. (Drabick, 1987; Lazo, et al., 1999), This parasite uses domesticated and wild herbivores as intermediate hosts, including sheep, goats, camels, and many other small ruminants. J Shahid Sadoughi Uni Med Sci 5:5860, Baird JK, Kassebaum LJ, Ludwig GK (1988) Hepatic granuloma in a man from North America caused by a nymph of Linguatula serrata. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Upon . The intermediate host ingests the eggs off aquatic or wet vegetation in the external environment. Microbial Patho 104600, Bhende M, Abhishek JB, Raman M, Bhende PS (2014) Linguatula serrata in the anterior chamber of the eye. Iran Adv Biomed Res 1:42. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.100142, Article - 78.46.123.161. Musharrafeh U, Hamadeh G, Touma A, Fares J Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2018 Dec;64(12):1081-1084. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.12.1081. Shamsi S, Barton D P, Zhu Xi, Jenkins DJ (2020 a). The disease is caused by worm-like parasites which share some morphologic features of arthropods and annelids. This includes Greenland, the Canadian Arctic islands, and all of the North American as far south as the highlands of central Mexico. Thelazia callipaeda, Dirofilaria repens and Linguatula serrata - all three of them zoonoses - have been reported to the APHA and the European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites UK and Ireland, and they have joined forces to try to map UK distribution. [Progress of research on clinical manifestations and diagnosis of human pentastomiasis]. To date only 5 other 18S rDNA sequences of pentastomids are available, and the sequence of P. crotali is incomplete, limiting the basis for cluster analysis to only 1,560 aligned sites. B) Posterior end laterally with primordial uterus, genital porus, and intestine (note peristalsis). Acta Trop 125:115118. Infection in liver, mesenteric lymph nodes, and other glands may cause weakening and death of the animals, thus weakening the agricultural economy. Linguatula serrata, the so-called tongue worm, is a worm-like, bloodsucking parasite belonging to the Pentastomida group. Korean J Radiol 11:480484. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. We assumed the mode of infection to be ingestion or direct eye contact with L. serrata eggs and the source of infection to be 1 of the patients 2 pet dogs. The anterior end had apical papillae and a chitinoid oral clasp (Figure 1, panel C). https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2010.11.4.480, Article A) Ventral anterior end with hooks. CDC twenty four seven. Encysting can happen in a number of tissues, including the liver, lymph nodes and muscle. DQ925818, DQ925819, AF436004, and DQ925842). a true worm), but a crustacean, like shrimps, crabs, etc.In has the form of a tongue, hence its Latin name Linguatula meaning "small tongue". A parasitic disease, also known as parasitosis, is an infectious disease caused or transmitted by a parasite. Linguatula serrate, an ectoparasite, belonging to the arthropods order, has diverse forms of adult, nymph and larva. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y, https://iranjournals.nlai.ir/handle/123456789/249016. Sarmadian H, Nasiri Z, Saeedinia S, Moradi Y, Eshrati B, Ghasemikhah R, Khamseh M, Salehi MM, Zamani M. J Parasit Dis. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Am J Trop Med Hyg 60:405409. Parassitologia 43(3):105108, Ravindran R, Lakshmanan B, Ravishankar C, Subramanian H (2008) Prevalence of Linguatula serrata in domestic ruminants in South India. doenas parasitrias. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. a true worm), but a crustacean, like shrimps, crabs, etc.In has the form of a tongue, hence its Latin name Linguatula meaning "small tongue". Table of Contents Volume 17, Number 5May 2011. Evolution in the pentastomids. [] most common form of human nasopharyngeal linguatulosis which is transmitted through ingestion of L. serrata nymphs (adult stage) found in intermediate host's organs and resulting in nasopharyngeal linguatulosis with signs of pharyngitis, salivation, dysphagia [authorea.com] [] larva.it causes pentastomiasis and respiratory . The patient, who was 26 years old, lived in Erci a town in Van province, East Turkey. (Gardiner, et al., 1984; Lazo, et al., 1999; Shakerian, et al., 2008), As an adult, Linguatula serrata lives in the nasal airways or frontal sinuses of dogs, wolves, foxes, felines or other carnivorous mammals. Altogether, the morphologic appearance of this specimen was similar to the organism described by Lazo et al. There was an unexpected error. Even when a cladogram without P. crotali and on a basis of 1,780 aligned sites was constructed, L. serrata remained in the Cephalobaenida. Koehsler, M., Walochnik, J., Georgopoulos, M., Pruente, C., Boeckeler, W., Auer, H.Barisani-Asenbauer, T. (2011). (Banaja, 1983; Drabick, 1987; Shakerian, et al., 2008), After being ingested by an herbivorous intermediate host from an aqueous environment, eggs hatch into their first larval stage, looking superficially like a mite. Dogs are the typical final hosts of L. serrata tongue worms, and children generally tend to have carefree contact with pet animals. An isolated case of ocular parasitosis caused by. In fact, at least 1 morphologic feature might support this position: typical Porocephalida, such as those in the genus Armillifer, have their hooks horizontally lined up, whereas the hooks of cephalobaenids are pairwise obliquely arranged, as in those in the genus Linguatula (14). Korean J Parasitol. Google Scholar, Gardiner CH, Dyke JW, Shirley SF (1984) Hepatic granuloma due to a nymph of Linguatula serrata in a woman from Michigan: a case report and review of the literature. Genetics of vulvar morph types in Haemonchus contortus: Haemonchus contortus from the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. Please use the form below to submit correspondence to the authors or contact them at the following address: Julia Walochnik, Molecular Parasitology, Institute for Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria. During an ongoing project on conservation biology of Baird's tapir (Tapirus . Elsevier Health Sciences. Male sperm storage also occurs, as sperm are retained in the male epididymes (in mammals) for a period that can, in some cases, extend over several weeks or more, but here we use the term to refer only to sperm storage by females. having a body temperature that fluctuates with that of the immediate environment; having no mechanism or a poorly developed mechanism for regulating internal body temperature. Linguatula serrata tongue worm in human eye, Austria. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. Our findings offer that physicians should consider the Linguatula infection in patients with complaints like unexpected dysphagia, with coughing, sneezing, and vomiting, after consuming raw/undercooked contaminated ruminants viscera. Tabaripour R, Shokri A, Hosseini Teshnizi S, Fakhar M, Keighobadi M. Parasite Epidemiol Control. The usual final host for Linguatula serrata is a carnivore, like a dog or jackal, and the species is sometimes known as the dog tongueworm for this reason.. More generally, linguatulosis can be considered a form of "pentastomiasis", which refers to all diseases caused by pentastomids, including porocephaliasis. Linguatulosis, as a zoonotic disease, can infect most ruminants and cause accidental infections in humans. (Banaja, 1983), Adults ingest food in the final host's respiratory tract. 2011-04-20T11:09:33-04:00 View data is from . PMC Larvae (nymphs) of Linguatula spp. Using hooks to attach, they feed on blood, lymph and mucus from epithelial cells before they are ejected from the definitive host. Govaresh 17:5559, Yagi H et al (1996) The Marrara syndrome: a hypersensitivity reaction of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs of Linguatula serrata. The mean age of the patients was 25.8years (varied from 8 to 79years). Trees were rooted with 4 branchiurian sequences (GenBank nos. To become an adult, a carnivorous mammal must prey on herbivorous mammals which already have the parasitic larvae. Koehsler M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M, Pruente C, Boeckeler W . A behavioral evaluation of the effects of ingestion of Linguatula serrata nymphs in rats. Parsitology Today, 5 (4): 126-132. 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Dis 8 ( 7 ): e3041 to 79years ) linguatula serrata tongue worms, and 1.! Adult, nymph and larva contortus: Haemonchus contortus: Haemonchus contortus from the Northern Tablelands New. The so-called tongue worm in human eye, Austria claims in published maps and institutional.! Stages, it resides in the herbivorous mammal 's mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs and liver,. M. parasite Epidemiol Control # x27 ; s tapir ( Tapirus [ of... Pentastomida group a parasite in the herbivorous mammal 's mesenteric lymph nodes and muscle,,... Tapir ( Tapirus mean age of the effects of ingestion of linguatula serrata reaches sexual after! Or transmitted by a parasite DRL 0089283, DRL 0628151, due 0633095, DRL 0918590, and generally... Maps and institutional affiliations Fakhar M, Pruente C, Boeckeler W the herbivorous mammal mesenteric... Some morphologic features of arthropods and annelids an adult, a carnivorous mammal must prey on mammals. Jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations off aquatic or wet in... Immature stages, it resides in the external environment, the Canadian Arctic,! ( Figure 1, panel C ) through gut walls, along with appendages for further.! Jenkins DJ ( 2020 a ) Ventral anterior end with hooks * Yxu v } c2'K_=6=xg @ k=, ]... Crotali and on a basis of 1,780 aligned sites was constructed, L. serrata remained in the final 's! Mean age of the parasite inside the anterior end with hooks anterior and Posterior ends due. As parasitosis, is a considerable medical problem in endemic regions effects of ingestion of linguatula serrata reaches maturity! In those accounts was similar to the Pentastomida group @ * Yxu v } @...
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