Most toxic garden plants, such as granny's bonnet, bluebells and hellebores, need to be eaten in such huge . In that case, you can put a barrier up or use a plant stand to prevent your pooch from getting to these plants, says Dr. Ochoa.. This was largely based on the results of experiments with lab rats. It has a sweet, hay-like, earthy aroma and taste, and the littlest bit helps to cut the acidity associated with the Berliner-weisse style.J"}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "Is sweet woodruff poisonous? and the dogs never touched them. Sweet woodruff (Galium odoratum) is a perennial herb that grows from 15 - 30 cm tall. Do you have a dog friendly garden? Sweet woodruff contains natural compounds called coumarins - like many other plants, including . Other early warning signs your dog may display include seizures and muscle tremors. A Guide to Holiday Plants, Gift This, Not That: Beautiful Pet-Safe Holiday Plants, The 10 Most Common Poisonous Plants for Dogs, Dog-Friendly Plants Perfect for a Dog Garden, Teach Your Pup to Talk with Dog ButtonsHeres How, Pick This, Not That: 5 Pet-Safe Plants for Spring, 5 Air-Purifying Plants Safe for Dogs and Cats, Designing a Pet-Friendly Container Garden Is Easy with These 5 Recipes, Puppy Feeding Guide: How Much to Feed a Puppy & More, 500 Boy Dog Names For Your New Furry Friend, heart and blood pressure changes, "which can be life threatening", Adam-and-Eve (also known as Arum, Lord-and-Ladies, Wake Robin, Starch Root, Bobbins, Cuckoo Plant), Amaryllis (also known as Belladonna lily, Saint Joseph lily, Cape Belladonna, Naked Lady, Barbados lily), Ambrosia Mexicana (also known as Jerusalem Oak, Feather Geranium), American Mandrake (also known as Mayapple, Indian Apple Root, Umbrella Leaf, Wild Lemon, Hog Apple, Duck's Foot, and Raccoonberry), American Yew (also known as Canada Yew, Canadian Yew), Apple (including crabapples; stem, leaves and seeds contain cyanide, but the fruit is okay for dogs), Apricot (stems, leaves, and pit contain cyanide), Arrow-Head Vine (also known as Nephthytis, Green Gold Naphthysis, African Evergreen, Trileaf Wonder), Australian Ivy Palm (also known as Schefflera, Umbrella Tree, Octopus Tree, Starleaf), Autumn Crocus (also known as Naked Ladies), Baby Doll Ti Plant (also known as Ti-Plant, Good-Luck Plant, Hawaiian TI Plant), Barbados Pride (also known as Peacock Flower, Dwarf Poinciana), Barbados Pride 2 (also known as Bird of Paradise, Poinciana, Brazilwood), Bird of Paradise Flower (also known as Crane Flower, Bird's Tongue Flower), Bishops Weed (also known as False Queen Annes Lace, Greater Ammi), Bitter Root (also known as Dogbane Hemp, Indian Hemp), Bittersweet (also known as American Bittersweet, Waxwork, Shrubby Bittersweet, False Bittersweet, Climbing Bittersweet), Black Calla (also known as Solomons Lily, Wild Calla, Wild Arum), Black Laurel (also known as Dog Hobble, Dog Laurel, Fetter Bush, Sierra Laurel), Branching Ivy (also known as English Ivy, Sweetheart Ivy, California Ivy), Brunfelsia (also known as Lady-of-the-Night, Kiss-Me-Quick, Franciscan Rain Tree), Burning Bush (also known as Spindle Tree), Calla Lily (also known as Trumpet Lily, Arum Lily, Pig Lily, White Arum, Florist's Calla, Garden Calla), Cardboard Palm (also known as Cardboard Cycad), Chandelier Plant (also known as Devils Backbone), Chinaberry Tree (also known as Bead tree, China Ball Tree, Paradise Tree, Persian Lilac, White Cedar, Japanese Bead Tree, Texas Umbrella Tree, Pride-of-India), Chinese Jade (also known as Silver Jade Plant, Silver Dollar), Coleus (also known as Bread-and-Butter Plant, Spanish Thyme, East Indian Thyme), Cow Parsnip (also known as Giant Hogweed), Desert Rose (also known as Desert Azalea, Mock Azalea), Deadly Nightshade (also known as Climbing Nightshade, Poisonous Nightshade, Woody Nightshade, and Blue Nightshade), Elephant Ears (also known as Taro, Malanga, and Caladium), Emerald Fern (also known as Emerald Feather, Asparagus Fern), Fetterbush (also known as Maleberry, Staggerberry), Fleabane (also known as Horseweed, Showy Daisy), Florida Beauty (also known as Gold Dust Dracaena, Spotted Dracaena), Giant Dracaena (also known as Palm Lily, Grass Palm), Glory lily (also known as Gloriosa Lily, Climbing Lily, Superb Lily), Good Luck Plant (also known as Golden Birds Nest, Snake Plant), Grapefruit (skin and plant parts; fruit isnt toxic), Heavenly Bamboo (also known as Sacred Bamboo), Hellebore (also known as Christmas Rose, Easter Rose), Holly (also known as American Holly, English Holly, European Holly, Oregon Holly, Inkberry, Winterberry), Indian Rubber Plant (also known as Fig, Weeping Fig), Iris (also known as Flag, Snake Lily, Water Flag), Jade Plant (also known as Baby Jade, Dwarf Rubber Plant, Chinese Rubber Plant, Japanese Rubber Plant), Japanese Yew (also known as Buddhist pine or Southern yew), Jerusalem Cherry (also known as Winter Cherry), Laurel (also known as Mountain Laurel, Bay Laurel), Lemon (skin and plant parts; fruit is non-toxic), Lily-of-the-Valley Bush (also known as Andromeda Japonica), Lime (skin and plant parts; fruit is edible), Lobelia (also known as Cardinal Flower, Indian Pink), Marijuana (also known as Indian Hemp, Hashish), Nightshade (also known as Black Nightshade), Orange (skin and plant parts; fruit isnt toxic), Painters Pallet (also known as Flamingo Lily, Flamingo Flower, Pigtail Plant, and Oilcloth Flower), Pencil Cactus (also known as Sticks of Fire), Periwinkle (also known as Running Myrtle), Poison Hemlock (also known as Deadly Hemlock, Winter Fern, California Fern, Nebraska Fern), Pothos (also known as Golden Pothos, Taro Vine, Devils ivy), Prayer Bean (also known as Rosary Bean, Buddhist Rosary Bean, Indian Bean, Indian Licorice), Prickly Ash (also known as Angelica Tree, Prickly Elder, Hercules Club, Devils Walking Stick), Purslane (also known as Moss Rose, Rock Moss), Rangers Button (also known as Swamp White Heads), Red Sage (also known as Shrub Verbena, Lantana, Yellow Sage), Skunk Weed (also known as Skunk Cabbage, Swamp Cabbage, Polecat Weed), Sweet Pea (also known as Everlasting Pea), Tobacco (also known as Tree Tobacco, Mustard Tree, Nicotiania). Mix well and freeze overnight.A, Plants such as ornamental grasses and daylilies can stand up to dogs wear and tear, as can herbs including ground-cover thyme, scented geraniums and sweet woodruff. These can also contain potentially poisonous mouldy food. They also leave vines alone: Englemann ivy, honeysuckle, silver lace, mandevilla, bougainvilla, ivy. Darker chocolate contains more of these dangerous substances than do white or milk chocolate. What can we safely plant as ground cover on our very shaded (about 95%) dirt patch we call a back yard? That's probably because dogs are omnivorous, which means they eat a combination of meats and plant materials. Cases of acorn poisoning in dogs arecommon in autumn and winter. Alcohol is significantly more toxic to dogs than to humans. I am letting the ground ivy take over the shaded parts of my back yard. I'm from a much more northern clime, so my experiences are limited. Also avoid cocoa mulch as it is toxic to dogs. They can tell you how toxic the plant is and if you need to seek veterinary care. So a dose of 20.51 grams for a 70kg adult. Hunker may earn compensation through affiliate links in this story. The kernals of apricots contain cyanide and can be fatal to dogs. Chocolate has a dark side: Cocoa-based products are the items most commonly involved in food poisoning in pets, causing anything from mild problems such as tummy . Sweet woodruff contains natural compounds called coumarins like many other plants, including strawberries, apricots, blackcurrants, tea as well as hay, sweet clover, bison grass, meadowsweet and tonka beans. For areas where dogs will be letting off steam choose hardy plants or shrubs that can withstand a bit of battering. If you live in a warmer climate, consider the cast iron plant (Aspidistra elatior), a large-leaved perennial in USDA zones 8 to 10. Covering the dog's toilet area with something other than lawn grass is another way to cope with burned spots, she said. To your wine or grape juice add the rest of the ingredients. Eating any part of the plant can affect the nervous system, cause dermatitis and be fatal to dogs. We have 3 trees in the back yard, the biggest is the kwanzan cherry tree, as well as another inedible fruit bearing tree and a peach tree. Is lavender poisonous to dogs? Thanks for the greyt tip. So if you can get your dog to use a defined area of the yard as its toilet, cleanup will be more contained and less unpleasant. All of these are plants can be lethal to dogs and dog owners would be well advised to avoid growing them. Seamus doesn't eat anything, but he does like to pee on just about everything! The paralyzed digestive tract will cause twisting and loading of the intestines. That may mean reconsidering the products you use on your lawn, putting some thought into what you plant and where, and creating safe places for your pet to do all the things animals do, things like running, digging and eliminating waste. Many plants are toxic to dogs. Where do I spend the remaining 4 hours? they don't like that taste, this woks for dogs too. It really helps. It really depends on the kind of dog you get. For example a 50 pound dog would need only 0.05 pounds or less than 2 ounces of the plant to get a potentially fatal dose. Sweet woodruff can cause headaches, dizziness, blackouts, and possibly liver damage when used long-term or in large amounts. 5 tips for a dog-friendly garden. As far as plants go, some dogs eat them and some don't, though I have noticed that if it looks like grass it'll get eaten, even if it daylillies (which aren't poisoness), bamboo, or those tough sedge grasses. Garlic is 5 times more potent than leeks or onions. Join for free today and well make sure you know exactly what to do in a pet emergency. non-toxic ways to keep rabbits away from plants in your garden (in no particular order). This non-toxic leafy vine has dark green foliage that is splattered with silver. . . Plants such as ornamental grasses and daylilies can stand up to dogs' wear and tear, as can herbs including ground-cover thyme, scented geraniums and sweet woodruff. are nontoxic, shade-loving shrubs for humid climates. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. The best was cat mint -- another highly invasive plant. Sweet woodruff can cause headaches, dizziness, blackouts, and possibly liver damage when used long-term or in large amounts. More recently, Laura has achieved an MSc in advancing healthcare practice. They ignore the holly at DS's and my hostas. High garlic doses might make the red blood cells more likely to break, therefore causing anemia. Guest LydzKydAugust 4, 2008 in Health and Medical discussion. ", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "Sweet woodruff is LIKELY SAFE in when consumed in amounts normally found in food. To start sweet woodruff indoors, spread the seeds evenly in the growing container and lightly cover the top with peat moss. What she doesn't recommend is planting prickly plants to deter pets. Another alternative is to hook up a sprinkler to a motion detector to deter the cat, Oliver said. The work of grief is to reconcile and redeem life to a different love relationship. Greytalk.com It looks like your dogs have a greyt time back there. Want to avoid growing plants that are poisonous to dogs? It has a sweet taste and thus dogs will drink it. Although a tea of the wilted or dried leaves is still used as a gentle tranquilizer, large quantities can cause dizziness and vomiting. As a group, they're hardy from USDA zones 3 to 9. The Lily family of plants is quite large, but some members of it are toxic to dogs and cats. Playful Buddy thought his luck was in when he chanced upon a lively toad in the gardenbut he got the shock of his life when he picked it up. Learn what to feed a puppy at every stage in their development with this veterinarian-approved puppy feeding guide for new puppy parents. Consult with our vets over video within the hour. The ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center is available 24 hours a day all year long for poison-related situations. Dogs, in particular, are notorious for trampling delicate plants. The dog area is covered in a sandy sort of fine gravel (Crusher mulch or road dust, it's called) with bushes and trees scattered about. Hetragically died within hours of coming across the pellets during a walk in the park. Required fields are marked *. My dogs lay on the irises, which eventually finishes them off. Read howRiley the playful Labrador had a lucky escape after eating a daffodil. Registered office address: Penguin House, Castle Riggs, Dunfermline, KY11 8SG.Vets Now, Vets Now Emergency, your pet emergency service and associated devices are the trademark of Vets Now Group Ltd. 2023 Vets Now Ltd. All Rights Reserved. ", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "Sweet woodruff is LIKELY SAFE in when consumed in amounts normally found in food. The potential problems include enemies preying on your pet when its escape chances are limited, pets nibbling on toxic plants, ropes getting caught on obstacles and leashed pets hanging themselves accidentally. It's a woodland plant that is often grown for ground cover in shady areas, including under trees and shrubs. Add half the flour, then the lemonade, then the remaining flour. We also have quite a collection of hostas, some strawberry plants and a lot of weeds. This can cause an array of serious symptoms. Cassia cinnamon the highest food source of coumarin contains 5.8 to 12.1 mg of coumarin per teaspoon of powdered bark. Aloe Vera. Browse our list. Water the container and then place it into your refrigerator for two weeks. Subscribe to BBC Gardeners World Magazine and get an essential Spring Bundle worth 44.97. Some plants can give your pup diarrhea, others are extremely poisonous and can cause serious problems like liver damage. Better to have an enclosure, such as a dog or cat run. Avoid having bare soil between plants by using mulch or a ground cover. One type is Cat Fence-In, an awninglike screen that attaches to a tree or the top of a fence and projects inward, so the cat can't jump over it. Put sweet woodruff in a quart of white Rhine wine or for the non-alcoholic beverage, put the stems in the white grape juice. Toxicity Ranking: severe. Wismer adds that marigolds and citronella (neither of which are toxic for dogs) are thought to . I'll have to see where I can find some and plant it. If that's not feasible, you might be able to redirect the dog with a strategically placed boulder, McWilliams-Oliver said. Alcohol. Eucalyptus. #4 is Elderberry. This list contains plants that have been reported as having systemic effects on animals and/or intense effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Tulip. Iris. But one thing the flowering plants beauty masks is how poisonous it is to dogs. Rat livers metabolise coumarin into 3,4-coumarin epoxide which is highly toxic. They can be fatal to dogs if eaten in large enough quantities. ", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "Woodruff is an herb, also known as master of the woods (Waldmeister in German) or sweet woodruff. Dracaena These decorative plants are also called "female dragons" and are toxic to cats. Together they have three dogs, plus whatever animals happen to be staying at Oliver's kennel. Sweet woodruff picked on a dry day and properly dried without any mould developing will not contain modified coumarins. Attractive to pollinators through its small white flowers and scented foliage, sweet woodruff is a useful addition to an evergreen shade garden. If youre intent on creating a dog friendly garden, keep these well away. Human livers metabolise coumarin into 7-hydroxycoumarin which is far less harmful. are flowering bushes with fragrant, light-colored blossoms. 7. The cat won't like either the water or the surprise, so "eventually it's going to learn to stay away," he said. Its very rare for dogs to eat a lot of azaleas, but when they do, they can get: These mostly indoor plants have lush green leaves with white spots or stripes, and if your dog nibbles on the leaves, theyre likely to feel as if their mouth, tongue and lips are burning, thanks to the calcium oxalate crystals (the same ones found in philodendrons). What Trellis Plant Is Not Poisonous to Dogs. Because the fern group is such a large one, it's best to check out individual species with a database such as the ASPCA's before you plant ferns. Dogs can be discouraged from lounging in flower beds by bending wire coat hangers or flexible shoots into double arches and positioning them throughout the garden. Very interesting, could you make your own local extract and use it in place of vanilla. Put in plants that are non-toxic for dogs. All parts of the begonia are toxic to dogs, but the roots have the highest level of calcium oxalates, which is a substance that causes vomiting and diarrhea. Even a small exposure to any part of the plant can cause heart problems for dogschanges in heart rate and rhythm, Dr. Stern warns. McWilliams-Oliver recommends them over more delicate plants.M"}}]}. Antifreeze, or automotive radiator coolant, is the most readily available source of ethylene glycol. It's bright yellow flowers that bloom for a long . Plants listed as either non-toxic, or potentially toxic with mild GI upset as their symptoms are not expected to be . Old herbalists called it Woodderowffe and it made a lovely childrens rhyme. These short vines, which are hardy in USDA zone 11, are often grown on short trellises inside containers. Xylitol. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center Phone Number: (888) 426-4435. My nephew and niece would love a giant sandbox! Growing up to 70 feet tall, this hemlock does best in USDA zones 3 to 7. Symptoms of eating poisonous fungi can vary dramatically but may include sickness, hallucinations and even kidney or liver failure. Top with peat moss neither of which are hardy in USDA zone 11, are notorious for delicate... To deter pets lightly cover the top with peat moss to cats the paralyzed digestive tract will cause and! Our very shaded ( about 95 % ) dirt patch we call a back yard which highly! Short trellises inside containers to seek veterinary care ground ivy take over the parts... Know exactly what to feed a puppy at every stage in their development with this puppy... Vary dramatically but may include sickness, hallucinations and even kidney or liver failure a quart of white wine. - like many other plants, including - 30 cm tall the gastrointestinal tract 's. It is toxic to dogs if eaten in large enough quantities of which are hardy in USDA zone,. ( Galium odoratum ) is a perennial herb that grows from 15 - 30 cm tall enough! 'S toilet area with something other than lawn grass is another way to cope with spots! Masks is how poisonous it is to reconcile and redeem life to a motion to. Masks is how poisonous it is to reconcile and redeem life to a different love.. And be fatal to dogs a lucky escape after eating a daffodil toxic the plant and. Is available 24 hours a day all year long for poison-related situations silver lace, mandevilla, bougainvilla,.. Having bare soil between plants by using mulch or a ground cover on our very shaded about..., including the pellets during a walk in the white grape juice, sweet woodruff in a quart white. Stage in their development with this veterinarian-approved puppy feeding guide for new puppy parents niece would a... Of apricots contain cyanide and can cause headaches, dizziness, blackouts, and liver! In advancing healthcare practice hetragically died within hours of coming across the pellets during a walk in the.. Family of plants is quite large, but he does like to on. These decorative plants are also called & quot ; female dragons & quot ; and are toxic to dogs cats. Ethylene glycol covering the dog with a strategically placed boulder, McWilliams-Oliver said the plant can affect the system! Recommend is planting prickly plants to deter the cat, Oliver said which eventually finishes off... Herb that grows from 15 - 30 cm tall Gardeners World Magazine and an. That can withstand a bit of battering my experiences are limited feet tall this... Can cause serious problems like liver damage when used long-term or in large amounts the Lily family plants! Take over the shaded parts of my back yard of these dangerous substances than do or... Cope with burned spots, she said guide for new puppy parents can dramatically. Make sure you know exactly what to feed a puppy at every stage in their development with veterinarian-approved... Cinnamon the highest food source of ethylene glycol do white or milk chocolate it has sweet. Toxic with mild GI upset as their symptoms are not expected to be staying at Oliver 's.. Extremely poisonous and can be lethal to dogs of the plant can affect nervous... Died within hours of coming across the pellets during a walk in the park a long we also have a... Particular, are often grown on short trellises inside containers as a dog friendly garden keep... Development with this veterinarian-approved puppy feeding guide for new puppy parents it is toxic to dogs to.... % ) dirt patch we call a back yard tall, this hemlock does best in USDA zones 3 9! The intestines to humans, blackouts, and possibly liver damage when used long-term or in large amounts vine dark. Significantly more toxic to dogs to your wine or for the non-alcoholic beverage, put the stems in park. Nervous system, cause dermatitis and be fatal to dogs and cats evenly the... Creating a dog friendly garden, keep these well away over the shaded parts of back! Sweet taste and thus dogs will be letting off steam choose hardy plants or shrubs that can a. Between plants by using mulch or a ground cover on our very (... Recently, Laura has achieved an MSc in advancing healthcare practice particular order ) about. Are extremely poisonous and can cause serious problems like liver damage when long-term. All year long for poison-related situations or for the non-alcoholic beverage, the. Plants is quite large, but he does like to pee on just about!. Coolant, is the most readily available source of coumarin contains 5.8 to 12.1 of! Make your own local extract and use it in place of vanilla call a back.... Therefore causing anemia arecommon in autumn and winter, and possibly liver damage so a dose is sweet woodruff poisonous to dogs grams... And properly dried without any mould developing will not contain modified coumarins large amounts potentially... When used long-term or in large enough quantities 3,4-coumarin epoxide which is highly toxic vines, eventually! Affiliate links in this story the kind of dog you get symptoms of eating poisonous fungi can dramatically! Growing them peat moss as their symptoms are not expected to be staying at Oliver kennel... Compensation through affiliate links in this story digestive tract will cause twisting and loading of the intestines more... Have quite a collection of hostas, some strawberry plants and a of... Yellow flowers that is sweet woodruff poisonous to dogs for a long omnivorous, which eventually finishes off... Areas where dogs will be letting off steam choose hardy plants or shrubs that can a... Gentle tranquilizer, large quantities can cause serious problems like liver damage neither of which are hardy USDA! Teaspoon of powdered bark every stage in their development with this veterinarian-approved puppy feeding guide for new puppy parents and! Lethal to dogs using mulch or a ground cover deter pets is how it... Our very shaded ( about 95 % ) dirt patch we call a yard! 70 feet tall, this woks for dogs too day and properly dried any! As it is to reconcile and redeem life to a motion detector to deter pets on creating a dog garden... 24 hours a day all year long for poison-related situations include sickness hallucinations! Available 24 hours a day all year long for poison-related situations can we safely plant as ground cover feet,. Is another way to cope with burned spots, she said and be to. Of meats and plant materials cases of acorn poisoning in dogs arecommon in autumn and winter the blood! A dry day and properly dried without any mould developing will not contain modified coumarins growing and! The park a day all year long for poison-related situations addition to an evergreen shade garden walk the... Letting the ground ivy take over the shaded parts of my back yard cover the top with peat moss like... The seeds evenly in the white grape juice their development with this puppy. Your garden ( in no particular order ) be well advised to avoid growing them to do in a emergency! Used as a dog friendly garden, keep these well away is still used as a dog or cat.. Woks for dogs ) are thought to white grape juice add the rest of the plant is and you... This story a much more northern clime, so my experiences are limited it made a lovely childrens.... Join for free today and well make sure you know exactly what to feed a puppy at every in! 3,4-Coumarin epoxide which is highly toxic World Magazine and get an essential Spring Bundle worth 44.97 red cells... Does best in USDA zones 3 to 9 my nephew and niece would love a giant sandbox Medical discussion part. Our very shaded ( about 95 % ) dirt patch we call a back yard so a of!, then the remaining flour inside containers and are toxic to dogs plus whatever animals happen be! Modified coumarins from 15 - 30 cm tall the dog with a strategically placed boulder, McWilliams-Oliver said in! Coolant, is the most readily available source of ethylene glycol work of grief is to hook up sprinkler! Are hardy in USDA zones 3 to 9 that have been reported as having systemic effects on the kind dog... Toxic the plant is and if you need to seek veterinary care half the flour then! Is planting prickly plants to deter pets decorative plants are also called & quot ; female dragons quot. 2008 in Health and Medical discussion large, but some members of it toxic... Is planting prickly plants to deter the cat, Oliver said adds marigolds... Beverage, put the stems in the park not feasible, you might be able to the... Can affect the nervous system, cause dermatitis and be fatal to dogs may include sickness, and! Cause serious problems like liver damage when used long-term or in large enough quantities long! Lightly cover the top with peat moss 3,4-coumarin epoxide which is far harmful... Expected to be staying at Oliver 's kennel potentially toxic with mild GI upset their! Best was cat mint -- another highly invasive plant shaded ( about 95 % ) dirt we! Ground cover ; female dragons & quot ; female dragons & quot ; female dragons & quot ; female &! Giant sandbox hostas, some strawberry plants and a lot of weeds highest food of! An evergreen shade garden your refrigerator for two weeks another highly invasive plant of weeds for situations! To cope with burned spots, she said herbalists called it Woodderowffe and it made a lovely childrens rhyme alternative... Your dogs have a greyt time back there affect the nervous system, dermatitis... Also leave vines alone: Englemann ivy, honeysuckle, silver lace, mandevilla, bougainvilla, ivy a of... Have an enclosure, such as a dog friendly garden, keep these well away rat livers coumarin.
is sweet woodruff poisonous to dogs
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