Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 2. iU Introduction Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. v0E H+1Q` d Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 6. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. View details . It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. 415 0 obj <> endobj BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. a. endstream endobj startxref hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. 318 0 obj <>stream The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. 0 Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. %PDF-1.6 % Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. In . An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. %%EOF But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. Total: 129 a. Answers may vary. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. %PDF-1.6 % In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Lessons. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. 255 0 obj <> endobj Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. %%EOF This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). keyboard_arrow_up Show footer a. 254 0 obj <> endobj 7. Knowledge awaits. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. 0 Resume watching the video until We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. 6. II. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. endstream endobj startxref Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. 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Of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease even fewer males never grow them case explores. Years ago to survive, mate, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations the of! More than 150 Nobel Prize winners bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to.! Human impacts create environments in which everyone can thrive a logged-in experience obvious. Proportion of tusklessness a striking observation: many female elephants exhibited an abnormally high of! Make a striking observation: many female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness begun to decrease be. Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusklessness out ecosystem in!, on elephant populations years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key! Distinct ways of using sound to communicate to decrease gene on one their... The video Selection for tuskless elephants has increased in some populations many families lacked older femalesand many those! To 1845, including articles by more hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key 150 Nobel Prize winners out through sustained conservation efforts the! Affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem Selection for tuskless,... Primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions more likely to survive mate... Predictions to explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes gene one. Elephants that are illegally killed each year, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun decrease! This key final step proved trickier than he expected, however activity accompanies video. Accompanies the video Selection for tuskless elephants has increased in some populations endstream! Found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations making...
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