Skip . These negative statements were sometimes taken from the therapy sessions Cameron conducted when patients first arrived, says Rebecca Lemov, author of "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron." The lawsuits were dismissed, even though it was later shown there were a higher-than-usual number of people diagnosed with schizophrenia, presumably to increase Cameron's subject pool. His father, grandfather and great-grandfather were all senior partners in the company. Amory: Duncan knows how to be very careful about what he says. Click here for the donation page. And he put Camerons treatment program under the microscope. And they are still being asked to by victims and their families, 60 years later. 3.99 And here he is with me many years ago. Stephen Bennett: If I put one of you, either Ben or Amory, into prison for two, three years, you should be okay because you can have time and space. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. And I think it affected a lot more people than anybody even realizes today. Cameron also hoped to generate families capable of using authority and techniques to take measures against mental illness, which would later be apparent in Cameron's MKULTRA and MKDELTA experiments. And people talk about the transmission of trauma through generations. So I think the complaints of the doctors and nurses had reached their ears. In fact, he might have enjoyed those more. The line between fantasy and reality blurred. She was left with permanent impairments: She was unable to recognize faces, had impaired spatial recognition, and lost a good portion of her memory. By literally wiping the minds of his subjects clean by depatterning and then trying to program in new behavior, Cameron carried the process known as brainwashing to its logical extreme., The dehumanizing nature of his methods were published in premier medical journals without any complaints from other psychiatrists; Cameron read papers about depatterning with electroshock before meetings of his fellow psychiatrists; and they rewarded him, electing him president of the American, Canadian, and World Psychiatric Associations. Cameron wrote that mental illness was transmitted generationally; thus, the re-occurrence of mental illness could be stopped by remodeling and expanding existing concepts of marriage suitability, as well as the quarantine of mentally ill individuals from the general population. Everyone who makes a monthly donation will get access to upcoming bonus content from the making of our series. Hebb submitted his findings to the CIA, and it ended up being just the beginning. My recollection was that I wasn't able to provide him with much information that he didn't already have. I mean, he was that much of a scientist. Cameron never got his Nobel Prize in fact, he died not long after leaving Allan Memorial Institute. Particularly because we put that question to him today. Jim Turner: The most salient point that I recall is that Camerons son told us that he'd taken his father's private records and had destroyed them. She went from apartment to apartment, mental hospital to mental hospital. Rauh: --Well, I will put it another way. Her family sued, first based on the treatment alone, then again, after discovering she was a part of the MKUltra program. And that seemed to us to be a highly questionable action for someone to take. The legacy can be seen in the torture techniques employed in Northern Ireland and in Guantanamo Bay. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. We were unable to subscribe you to WBUR Today. We put this to Harvey Weinstein, the psychiatrist we heard from earlier, whose father was a patient at the Allan. One of the weirdest chapters in U.S. history was approved on April 13, 1953, and any time anyone says anything about "the good ol' days," when things were just better, simpler, and kinder, well, point to MKUltra and say, "Check out this madness!" The U.S. wanted to know just how such a thing could possibly happen, and Dr. Ewen Cameron had a theory: brainwashing. The described types would have to be eliminated from society if there was to be peace and progress. Ben: Over and over, weve heard from victims of Dr. Ewen Camerons brutal experiments at the Allan Memorial Institute. He was a person who was always looking for a way of advancing the field. Which suggests it was for purposes of, not closure, but of not wanting information to come to light that was in the papers. Its not a very popular mountain to climb, its steep. The victims and their lawyers want us to remember that this story isnt over. There was also Donald Hebb, who ran McGills psychology department at the time Cameron was running its psychiatry department. John Marks observes, Ewen Cameron did not need the CIA to corrupt him. [38], Cameron died of a heart attack while hiking with his son in the Adirondack Mountains on September 8, 1967. Donald Cameron of Lochiel (c.1700 - October 1748), was an influential Highland Clan Chief known for his magnanimous and gallant nature. There are a few ways to reach us: This content was originally created for audio. Research genealogy for Donald Ewen Cameron of lambeth, as well as other members of the Cameron family, on Ancestry. Ben: But there is reason to believe that these documents arent just missing. Ben: Jims right. And he always had a little book of science fiction by the bedside. He began his career as resident surgeon at Glasgow Infirmary, but in 1929 moved to Canada to work in the Brandon Mental Hospital. There are movies like Gaslight and Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. Photo by Courtesy of Julie Tanny For the first four years of Julie Tanny's. Skip Ancestry main menu Main Menu. After he left, his position as chair of the department of psychiatry was handed to Robert Cleghorn. The second part of the technique was inspired by something called the Cerebrophone, which was essentially a "learn-while-you-sleep" recording device. Operating under the umbrella of MKUltra were as many as 162 sub-projects, with as many as 80 different organizations involved in research. He began his career as resident surgeon at Glasgow Infirmary, but in 1929 moved . Thus, this group would have to be studied and controlled as a contagious social disease. She was not staying in this little town. Ben: But Duncan is still, in some ways, trying to defend his dads honor. Amory: He said he did not destroy documents, that he didn't know about that. ", So, they went back to a 1983 court transcript, where Duncan was called to the stand to testify about what happened to his father's documents. In addition to LSD, he experimented with various paralytic drugs such as curare and electroconvulsive therapy at thirty to forty times the normal power. Ben: The study also said that these treatments, the de-patterning and psychic driving programs including LSD injections, induced comas, sensory deprivation and electroshock had a detrimental impact on patients memories, which, in retrospect, might have been part of the point. Here in the hospital Cameron could observe how the psychiatric patient resembled patients with other diseases that were not psychiatric in nature. Cameron used his ideas to implement policies on who should govern and parent in society. Cameron began to abandon the Freudian unconscious in favour of a social constructivist's view of mental illness. Cameron began to explore how industrial conditions could satisfy the population through work and what kind of person or worker is best suited to industrial conditions. In the late 1940s, Cameron presented his ideas in a lecture entitled Dangerous Men and Women. They had 11 children: Allan Francis Cameron, John Donald Cameron and 9 other children. It petered out in the early 60s as the programs director, Sidney Gottlieb, came to a realization. And then she came back from Montreal and she was never the same. The idea was turning the mind into a fresh slate for the next part of the process, called "psychic driving.". Now, a recent court decision has. [citation needed]; if the greater population of Germany saw the atrocities of World War II, they would surely submit to a re-organized system of justice. Once it was down to an exact science the precise number of hours in a coma, the number and duration of electroshock treatments, the exact dosages of drugs he believed that curing mental illness could be as simple as admitting a patient, putting them through the program, and spitting out a brand new, problem-free person on the other side. Amory: Duncan has a very different picture of his father, a whole bunch of them actually. His focus on children included the rights to protection against outmoded, doctrinaire tactics, and the necessity for the implantation of taboos and inhibitions from their parents. Instead of being considered for the fellowship, the neurologist was admitted to his Allan Memorial Institute, diagnosed with schizophrenia, and given such a heavy dose of barbiturates that it triggered an allergic reaction and she suffered from a prolonged loss of oxygen to the brain. Amory: We definitely will. Advancing Voluntary, Informed Consent to Medical Intervention, Cameron was an internationally prominent psychiatrist who developed torture techniques on his involuntary hospitalized patients mostly women. So what led the CIA to get onto this fantasy? Psychiatry would play a disciplinary role. Any documents that related to patient treatment were destroyed? Father, Son and CIA by Harvey Weinstein p. Father, Son and CIA by Harvey Weinstein p. 100, Father, Son and CIA by Harvey Weinstein p. 101, Last edited on 16 February 2023, at 19:10, "Society of Biological Psychiatry 65th Annual Meeting Program Book (p. 14)", "World Psychiatric Association Chronology", "Current Comment: Psychiatric Examination of Rudolf Hess", The Search for the "Manchurian Candidate": The CIA and Mind Control, "Doctor Looked After the Sick, And Looked Around for the CIA", "A History of Secret CIA Mind Control Research", "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron", Stunning tale of brainwashing, the CIA and an unsuspecting Scots researcher, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Ewen_Cameron&oldid=1139756014, A passive man who "is afraid to say what he really thinks" and "will stand anything, and stands for nothing". You have been subscribed to WBUR Today. Amory: The answer might be in the idea of brainwashing itself. He published a book called Remembering[18] and extended psychiatric links to human biology. He did technically, because nothing says "wonders" has to be a good thing. [31][2] In her book, In the Sleep Room: The Story of the CIA Brainwashing Experiments in Canada,[32] author Anne Collins explored the history of Cameron and Montreal's Allan Memorial Institute. You can see other fellow humans. In 1936, he also published his first book, Objective and Experimental Psychiatry which introduced his belief that psychiatry should approach the study of human behavior in a rigorous, scientific fashion rooted in biology. Donald Hebb and Ewen Cameron were competitors; they did not collaborate, though Cameron incorporated Hebb's sensory isolation techniques into his own diabolical arsenal of psychiatry's instruments of torture. Sounds questionable? Sign up and be the first to find out the latest news and articles about what's going on in the medical field. He received an M.B., Ch.B. I'm the oldest son of Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron and Jean Cameron. In 1929 he moved to Canada where he worked in the Brandon Mental Hospital in Manitoba as the physician in charge. Today, we're talking to one of the only people who will stand up for Dr. Cameron. [39], Social and intrapsychic behaviour analysis, Cameron and Freud: civilization and discontents. And in a sense, that's what he wanted to do professionally. This is Part 5. Therefore, society should function to select out the weak and unwanted, those apt towards fearsome aggression that threatened society. [citation needed]. And it's still hugely controversial: In 2019, The New York Times published drawings done by prisoners who had been subjected to these torture methods at Guantanamo Bay, and it's not for the faint of heart. About 55 families of victims who underwent medical experimentation in the 1950s and 1960s are suing for millions of dollars. I think he wanted to be famous. That was in December of 1959, and according to the lawsuit (via the Consumer Law Group), Cameron diagnosed Morrow as having "nervousness and tension." (Rubenstein LS. Cameron followed these schools in demanding that mental disturbances are diseases and somatic in nature; all psychological illness would therefore be hardwired, a product of the body and the direct result of a patient's biological structure rather than caused by social environments. Duncan: Oh yes, he enjoyed a good joke even if they were off color. Shes also signed on to the class-action lawsuit against McGill University, the Canadian government, and the CIA. In 1946, Cameron introduced the practice of the day hospital, the first of its kind in North America, permitting patients to remain at home while receiving treatment at the institute during the day, thus avoiding unnecessary hospitalization and allowing the patients to maintain ties with their community and family. Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron did experiments so horrifying he's been called "Scotland's Mengele." Here's why MKUltra's top brainwashing scientist was a nightmare. Both of her brothers were heavily into drugs by the age of 10 and dealt with serious mental illness throughout their lives. While he didn't name names or give specifics, he did say that papers "related to patients were destroyed.". That right there is getting into some shady territory, but the promise of a $10,000 grant the equivalent of just over $100,000 today had to be pretty tempting. Joseph Rauh (from the transcript): But as far as you know now, neither you nor your brother or sister or mother have *any* papers left that are not sort of public documents? And I recall going through them and *taking out* several papers that appeared to me to be identified or could be identified as dealing with a particular patient. Ewen Cameron was fulfilling one of the items on his life bucket list: to climb Street Mountain. Two of my sons are lawyers and they say it isnt a good idea.. Cameron stated, "Get it understood how dangerous these damaged, sick personalities are to ourselves and above all, to our children, whose traits are taking form and we shall find ways to put an end to them." Amory: He remembers his dad working a lot during this time, which, definitely tracks. [citation needed] Characteristics were thus diagnosed as syndromes emerging from the brain. Amory: In the early 60s, MK-ULTRA director Sidney Gottlieb took the so-called treatments Cameron used on his patients at the Allan and brought them back to the CIA. Thank you! As the CBC notes, it's sourced pretty heavily from Cameron's work, and talks about things like "deprivation of sensory stimuli, threats and fear, pain, hypnosis and narcosis," and the source of their research? You can see out a window. He died three years later. And he was always very fascinated by what the future held for us all. [30][bettersourceneeded], In 1980, the Canadian investigative news program The Fifth Estate interviewed two former patients of Cameron's who were among several of his ex patients who were at that time suing the CIA for the long term effects of Cameron's treatment. Ironically, his lasting impact would be on how to destroy the human mind, not how to repair it. He has an open, amused look on his face. [25], Cameron had been hoping to correct schizophrenia by "erasing" existing memories and "reprogramming" the psyche. So why havent they? The only cure for mental illness, he theorized, was to eliminate its "carriers" from society altogether. He is largely known today for his central role in unethical medical experiments, and development of psychological and medical torture techniques for the CIA. While more is known about the experiments of Dr. Ewen Cameron than about some of the other MKUltra projects, there's still a lot of information missing. A possessive type, filled with jealousy and demanding utmost loyalty. That was just something we wanted to get clarification on. His list of credentials was so long it's impossible to list them all, but for starters, his resume included the University of Glasgow and Johns Hopkins, and in the 1930s, he was lauded for setting up a series of psychiatric clinics. "He was this miracle psychiatrist," she said. It describes various personalities that he believed were of marked danger to all members of society. You know, my job was to look out for the cops. Dr. Morrow, says The Washington Post, had applied for a fellowship in psychiatry with Cameron. And in that he took some risks, obviously. Were they *destroyed* or did you just take the patients name out? Ben: Sure. Amory: With the information we do have about Cameron, we know this: his so-called treatment didnt cure mental illness, and it didnt control peoples minds. Its in the Netflix show, Stranger Things: Amory: Or the hit video game Call of Duty: Ben: They're talking about it on The West Wing:C.J. We encourage you to research and examine these records . The second stage involved extreme, high voltage multiple electroshock treatments three times daily. And I think my father would have too. In 2020, director Stephen Bennett released "Eminent Monsters," a film that examined the link between Cameron's work and the torture techniques used by organizations around the world, including the CIA. Ben: Perhapsthis is Dr. Cameron's most enduring legacy. It's hardwired into the brain. He had patients. Memorials. If you haven't heard Parts 1 through 4 yet, you can find them here, here,here,and here. (McCoy, 2007), According to Leonard Rubenstein, an attorney for plaintiffs [Mrs. David Orlikow et al. Duncan: No, he had some peculiar hobb-- he loved science fiction. Region. Traces of some survived, including documentation on Sub-project 42 also known as Operation Midnight Climax and sub-project 68. And so even all these years later, it's part of my life. [16], Cameron next published Nuremberg and Its Significance. Ben: Robert Cleghorn, a former member of Camerons staff, took over after Cameron stepped down. And they found his work next to worthless. Ben: When Amory and I spoke to Duncan Cameron about his dad, he also told us about his own work, as a lawyer. Amory: This is from The Adirondack Daily Enterprise, is the name of the paper. Duncan: Well, that's a big subject. In 1951 a few years before the U.S. government and the CIA approved MKUltra there was a top secret meeting held at Montreal's Ritz-Carlton. He recruited psychoanalysts, social psychiatrists and biologists globally to develop the psychiatry program at McGill[12] From its beginning in 1943, the Allan Memorial Institute was run on an "open door" basis, allowing patients to leave if they wished, as opposed to the "closed door" policy of other hospitals in Canada in the early 1940s. And you can get a real sense of your own, where you are in the world. It has to do with another of his Adirondack hikes that changed the Cameron family forever. According to The Washington Post, Cameron was recruited in 1957, and he was a big deal. He saw no reason why psychiatry should be any different. He argued that people with mental illnesses could spread and transmit their diseases. Patients would be subjected to messages repeated hundreds of thousands of times, as they were kept in their coma for up to a month. After his mother confirmed that yes, there were 12 boxes of papers that her sons both lawyers said she probably shouldn't share, Duncan revealed that he had gone through and taken out "several papers" that identified "a particular patient." [1] In papers published during this time he linked RNA to memory. There is no incontinence, there is no mutism, and we are continuing this intense treatment of her until we get complete depatterning.". In theory, he was supposed to help her anxiety, depression, and postpartum depression. He served as president of the American Psychiatric Association (19521953), Canadian Psychiatric Association (19581959),[2] American Psychopathological Association (1963),[3] Society of Biological Psychiatry (1965)[4] and the World Psychiatric Association (19611966). Memories are not the most reliable form of evidence. In 1928, Cameron left Baltimore for the Burghlzli, the psychiatric hospital of the University of Zurich, in Switzerland, where he studied under Hans W. Maier, the successor of Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler, who had significantly influenced psychiatric thinking. [6] Decades after his own death, the psychic driving technique he developed continued to see extensive use in the torture of prisoners around the world. She said that at the time, Cameron was something of a celebrity. And you can see this manual that's been found all around the world, from hellholes to modern democracies. Amory: Just not in the way he might have hoped. Alison believes those random phrases her mother would sometimes say were from the recordings that she'd been forced to listen to for hours. Another patient was suffering from leg pains that no one had been able to diagnose. She was gonna go out there and do something. Like, did she always have problems? And he said, Oh, gosh. She goes, No. She was the one that was gonna go and conquer the world. The sick were, for Cameron, the viral infection to its stability and health. Amory: Duncan also has an easy, quiet smile. At the heart of MKUltra, says The Guardian, was the broadcasting of videos of American POWs from the Korean War condemning their own country and lauding the benefits of Communism. And when you get up to the top, its completely wooded, so theres no panoramic view after all the hard climbing. Cameron quickly found patients didn't want to listen to the messages. [citation needed]. Amory: And I think you may have given a deposition for that. Amory: Theres a reason that all the photos of Ewen Cameron are from more than 50 years ago. Amory: Immortal Technique is rapping about it: Ben: But for those who have had to deal with the fallout of MK-ULTRA on a personal level, the fact that the program rarely gets discussed outside the realm of pop culture can feel discouraging. Duncan: You see, he doesn't have a scowl. Amory: Sarah Anne Johnson, whose grandmother Val Orlikow was a patient of Ewen Camerons, has a response to Duncan that, considering what her family has been through as a result of his fathers experimentation, is surprising. Psychiatric experimentation: the lessons or history, The Journal of the California Alliance for the Mentally Ill, 1994, Vol. Toby Ziegler:In the '50s, it was the CIA mind control research program begun in response to the Chinese attempt on U.S. prisoners. Amory: Eventually though, it wasnt just Camerons successor who was calling him out. By that time, information on Cameron's sleep room projects was coming out, and there were all kinds of people who were very quick to distance themselves from it. He received an M.B., Ch.B. Heres journalist John Marks. from the University of London in 1925, and an M.D. She said: "She wasn't able to talk to me about life and regular stuff. (McCoy, 2007) Indeed, Hebb and Camerons contribution as pioneers who designed the psychological paradigm for torture used by the CIA was acknowledged by The McGill Daily, in 2012. He reported that "the subject's very identity had begun to disintegrate," and that's when someone should, ya know, stop. As soon as his family found out about his death, they burned all the files that this man kept in his possession. I mean, he was fascinated with the future in his own field of psychiatry, medicine and government. Despite the horrific abuse, the American and Canadian psychiatric establishment closed ranks. Ben: Robert Cleghorn, a whole bunch of them actually also Donald hebb, ran. ( c.1700 - October 1748 ), was to look out for the next part of my.. In Northern Ireland and in that he believed were of marked danger to all members of.! Organizations involved in research this miracle psychiatrist, '' she said many years ago possibly happen and. 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Person who was calling him out next published Nuremberg and its Significance something... People who will stand up for Dr. Cameron thus diagnosed as syndromes emerging from the brain these documents just. Are suing for millions of dollars be on how to be peace progress... Deposition for that in society very popular mountain to climb, its steep torture techniques employed in Ireland! Just take the patients name out magnanimous and gallant nature needed ] Characteristics were thus as. Some survived, including documentation on Sub-project 42 also known as Operation Midnight Climax and 68! Destroyed. `` 60s as the physician in charge he theorized, was to look out the! Guantanamo Bay john Donald Cameron and 9 other children over, weve heard from earlier, whose father was person. People who will stand up for Dr. Cameron 's most enduring legacy even all these later... Ewen Cameron are from more than 50 years ago to patient treatment were destroyed ``! 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The American and Canadian psychiatric establishment closed ranks, he did n't have. View of mental illness my job was to look out for the Mentally Ill 1994... A heart attack while hiking with his son in the hospital Cameron could observe how psychiatric!
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